Its Cold War with the United States — filled most of the 20th century with tension that extended throughout the world. During much of this time — , Joseph Stalin was the totalitarian leader. His regime is known as one of the most brutal in world history; tens of millions of people lost their lives while Stalin held power. The decades after Stalin saw some reforms of his brutality, but Communist Party leaders became wealthy on the backs of the people. Bread lines were common in the s as staples such as food and clothing were scarce.
By the s, a new type of leader emerged in Mikhail Gorbachev. In an attempt to boost his country's sagging economy, Gorbachev introduced a pair of initiatives known as glasnost and perestroika.
Glasnost called for political openness and ended the banning of books and the KGB, allowed citizens to criticize the government, and allowed for other parties than the Communist Party to participate in elections.
Perestroika was an economic plan that combined communism and capitalism. Ultimately the plan was a failure, and the USSR was dissolved. Gorbachev resigned on December 25, , and the Soviet Union ceased to exist six days later on December Boris Yeltsin , a key leader of the opposition, later became the first president of the new Russian Federation.
It was formed in and included many of the independent republics that made up the USSR. In the years since its formation, the CIS has lost a few members and other countries have never joined. By most accounts, analysts think of the CIS as little more than a political organization in which its members exchange ideas. Very few of the agreements that the CIS has adopted have, in reality, been implemented. Of the fifteen constituent republics of the USSR, three of these countries declared and were granted independence a few months preceding the fall of the Soviet Union in Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
Use precise geolocation data. Following its independence, Moldova was affected by civil war. Estonia is one of the three Baltic States in northeastern Europe. The country was also established following the authorization of a puppet government endorsed by the Soviet Union. Nazi Germany occupied the territory between and In August , Russian troops withdrew from the country while its military presence ended in September after Estonia seized control of its nuclear reactor facilities located in Paldiski.
Following the demise of the Soviet Union, the country restored its official name as the Republic of Latvia attaining its full independence on August 21, It was fully recognized as an independent state on September 6, by the Soviet Union.
The Republic of Lithuania is one of the three Baltic States located in Northern Europe covering about 25, square miles. Soviet Lithuania was established on July 21, The German Nazis occupied the territory between and and the territory was later reoccupied by the Soviet Union for the next 50 years. However, the US together with most European nations continued to acknowledge Lithuania as an independent sovereign nation.
Soviet Lithuania declared itself a sovereign state on May 18, and despite authorities from the Soviet Union finding the action illegal, the country was re-established and declared an independent nation. On November 18, , the territory declared its independence from the Soviet Union, and on November 14, , it was renamed the Republic of Georgia.
Following its independence, the country struggled with the economic and civil crisis through most of the s. Following the adoption of the country's new constitution in , the Azerbaijan SSR Constitution ceased to exist.
The Republic of Tajikistan is a landlocked, mountainous country located in Central Asia. Soviet Tajikistan existed between and From to , collective farming and the accelerated expansion of cotton production took place particularly in the southern region of the territory. Other small scale developments took place over time which resulted in improved irrigation infrastructure. The territory was renamed the Republic of Tajikistan on August 31, and it declared its independence on September 9, Tajikistan was recognized as an independent state by the Soviet Union on December 26, Following its independence, the country fell into the Civil War involving different factions.
As a result, more than half a million residents fled the country due to increased poverty and persecution. With 77, square miles, Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous and landlocked country. Initially, the Soviet Union had established its power in the region in The October Revolution overthrew the provisional Russian government and the tsar monarchy and revolutionaries led by the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin took control. Between the mids and earlys the leader was Joseph Stalin who was responsible for millions of deaths by starving in Ukraine and the murder and exile of large numbers of the population who were against him.
They then allied with the United Kingdom and later the United States. When the USSR was invaded by Germany it resulted in huge numbers of deaths - possibly 20 million Soviet people were killed during World War II - more than any other country has ever experienced. End of the Soviet Union — After the 15 parts of the Soviet Union became independent countries which today include Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia and many other countries.
The Soviet Union was the world's biggest country.
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