In , the British vessel H. Challenger II returned to the spot with an echo-sounder and measured a depth of nearly 7 miles 11 kilometers. The majority of the Mariana Trench is now a U. Bush in Permits for research in the monument, including in the Sirena Deep, have been secured from the U.
Fish and Wildlife Service. Permits for research in the Challenger Deep have been secured from the Federated States of Micronesia. Because of its extreme depth, the Mariana Trench is cloaked in perpetual darkness and the temperature is just a few degrees above freezing.
The water pressure at the bottom of the trench is a crushing eight tons per square inch—or about a thousand times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. Pressure increases with depth. The first and only time humans descended into the Challenger Deep was more than 50 years ago.
In , Jacques Piccard and Navy Lt. Don Walsh reached this goal in a U. Navy submersible, a bathyscaphe called the Trieste. After a five-hour descent, the pair spent only a scant 20 minutes at the bottom and were unable to take any photographs due to clouds of silt stirred up by their passage. It could! While the Trieste expedition laid to rest any doubts that life could exist in the Mariana Trench, scientists still know very little about the types of organisms that reside there.
No bones, no fish. But nature has also proven scientists wrong many times in the past with its remarkable capacity for adaptation. Ask: Who do you think has jurisdiction over, and therefore responsibility for, the resources of the Mariana Trench? Explain to students that according to the Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ a country has the rights to all living and non-living resources up to nautical mile s from its coastline. To help students understand this distance in terms they recognize, have them convert the nautical miles to standard miles by multiplying nautical miles by 1.
Point out that Guam is a territory of the U. Have students identify how researchers can access the Trench. Ask students to share their ideas about how researchers might access an area this deep. Ask students to identify the challenges of exploring the deepest location on Earth. Scientists use a variety of technologies to overcome the challenges of deep-sea exploration and explore the Trench.
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You cannot download interactives. Students read about the establishment of the Mariana Trench Marine National Monument and discuss why it is important to preserve the Mariana Trench and surrounding area. Ocean trenches are long, narrow depressions on the seafloor. These chasms are the deepest parts of the ocean—and some of the deepest natural spots on Earth.
Marine microbiologist Dr. Douglas Bartlett and marine geologist Dr. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. Skip to content.
Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Ask: What is the highest point in the world and where is it located? Mount Everest at approximately 8, meters, or 29, feet; located on the borders of Nepal and China What is the deepest location on Earth and where is it located?
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